Great overview of more complex vocal communications. Farley Mowat makes a similar case for wolves in Never Cry Wolf: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Cry_Wolf

And almost certainly: cetaceans too.

Sitting here at supper, I just watched one of my cats use some pretty strong language with one of my other cats. It was some very measured chattering to let him know she didn’t enjoy his presence. Chickens most definitely have a language - the egg song, the danger song, the rooster call, the check-in with each other, the check-in with the farmer. My point being, animals all around us use language if we are willing to accept that it is different from our own.

If anyone is interested more in Bonobos and wants to learn more about that species and the way that species connects with humanity I suggest the following book:

https://www.amazon.com/Our-Inner-Ape-Primatologist-Explains/...

I read it many years ago and thought it to be excellent!

Well, it apparently has one error in the first sentence. I wonder how well the rest of it stands up to scrutiny?

According to Wikipedia, the live in the Democratic Republic of Congo, not the Republic of Congo.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonobo

Does anyone know if a tokenization attempt has been made at this type of research?